El apoyo social a las políticas públicas en épocas de crisis: preferencias de gasto público durante la pandemia y la Gran Recesión
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https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11108Palabras clave:
Preferencias políticas, actitudes hacia el gasto, políticas sociales, pandemia, Gran RecesiónResumen
¿Qué impacto han tenido las dos crisis económicas recientes en las preferencias de política pública de los ciudadanos? Durante la Gran Recesión, las respuestas gubernamentales se focalizaron en la implantación de medidas de austeridad, mientras que durante la emergencia de la COVID-19, que implicó la interrupción de la actividad económica, se han orientado hacia un incremento sin precedentes del presupuesto para atender con urgencia las necesidades colectivas. Estos dos contextos proporcionan un escenario idóneo para investigar los cambios de la opinión pública en coyunturas críticas. En este sentido, el artículo examina la evolución de las preferencias de política pública de los españoles desde el inicio de la recesión de 2008, centrándose en el período de la pandemia. Para ello se analizan las actitudes hacia el gasto público en seis áreas esenciales, a partir de los datos de encuestas realizadas entre 2005 y 2022. Los resultados sugieren que las preferencias de gasto cambian significativamente en estas situaciones, al menos a corto plazo, y que la sociedad apoya el aumento del presupuesto, aunque establece prioridades entre las políticas públicas. Además, se observa que estas prioridades de gasto han variado entre la Gran Recesión y la crisis sanitaria. Finalmente, se pone de manifiesto que se ha producido cierta polarización en función de la clase social y de la orientación ideológica.
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