From nudge to by-law: Legal feasibility and safeguards for local behavioural science units in Spain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24965/reala.11642Keywords:
behavioural sciences, local government, good administration, public sector innovation, policy evaluation, public ethics, transparency, administrative simplificationAbstract
Objectives: To identify the legal, organisational and ethical conditions under which a Local Behaviour and Innovation Unit (LBIU) may be institutionalised in Spanish municipalities and to formulate a gradual implementation model. Methodology: The article uses a legal-dogmatic and legal-propositional approach, supplemented by a directed documentary review of academic and institutional literature and a selective comparison of three experiences. Cases were selected according to diversity of government level, existence of an institutional mandate, availability of official sources and relevance to local government. The comparison is exploratory and does not, by itself, establish transferability. Results: The current legal framework permits LBIUs to be articulated through existing instruments, but the appropriate route depends on whether the initiative is a functional team, a stable administrative unit, an organisational modification or the incorporation of measures into by-laws and regulations. Feasibility requires identifying the competent body, legal instrument, human and budgetary resources, data governance, evaluation and ethical safeguards. Conclusions: LBIUs are legally possible on a conditional, rather than automatic, basis. Their legitimacy depends on proportionality, transparency, reversibility, protection of vulnerable groups and adaptation of comparative learning to the Spanish municipal context.
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