Behavioral economics, behavioral policies and nudges

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.i25.10866

Keywords:

behavioral policies, incentives, individual decisiones, social preferences, coordination

Abstract

Behavioral policies, in general, and nudges, in particular, are part of the toolbox that allows us to improve the design and implementation of evidence-based policies. Proposals based on the new behavioral sciences are complementary to traditional incentive-based proposals. In this article, three examples of the application of behavioral policies, as well as their relation to more classic interventions, are discussed in situations incorporating an increasing level of complexity. First, I will focus on situations involving individual decision-making problems. Second, situations in which the decision-maker considers other people. Finally, situations where there is social interaction with other people.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ariely, D. y Zakay, D. (2001). A timely account of the role of duration in decision making. Acta Psychologica, 108(2), 187-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00034-8

Arkes, H. y Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90049-4

Bateson, M., Nettle, D. y Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology letters, 2(3), 412-414. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509

Brandstätter, H. y Güth, W. (1994). Essays on economic psychology. Springer.

Camerer, C. (2000). Prospect theory in the wild: evidence from the field. En Choices, values and frames, Editado por Daniel Kahneman y Amos Tversky. Cambridge university press.

Centola, D. y Macy, M. (2007). Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties. American Journal of Sociology, 113(3), 702-734. https://doi.org/10.1086/521848

Charness, G. y Gneezy, U. (2009). Incentives to exercise. Econometrica, 77(3), 909-931. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40263846

Epstein, L. (1999). A definition of uncertainty aversion. The Review of Economic Studies, 66(3), 579-608. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-937X.00099

Forberger, S., Reisch, L., Kampfmann, T. y Zeeb, H. (2019). Nudging to move: a scoping review of the use of choice architecture interventions to promote physical activity in the general population. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical activity, 16, artículo 77. https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-019-0844-z

Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G. y O’Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: a critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351-401. https://doi.org/10.1257/002205102320161311

Galla, B. y Duckworth, A. (2015). More than resisting temptation: beneficial habits mediate the relationship between self-control and positive life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 508-525. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000026

Green, D. y Gerber, A. (2015). Get out the vote: how to increase voter turnout. Brookings Institution Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1657t5x

Gilovich, T., Griffin, D. y Kahneman, D. (2002). Heuristics and biases: the psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge University Press.

Gintis, H. (2009). The bounds of reason. game theory and the unification of behavioral sciences. Princeton University Press.

Gigerenzer, G. y Selten, R. (2002). Bounded rationality: the adaptive toolbox. MIT Press.

Gneezy, U., Meier, S. y Rey-Biel, P. (2011). When and why incentives (don’t) work to modify behavior. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(4), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.4.191

Granovetter, M. (1978). Threshold models of collective behavior. American Journal of Sociology, 83(6), 1.420-1.443. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778111

Hertwig, R., Pachur, T. y Kurzenhäuser, S. (2005). Judgments of Risk Frequencies: Tests of Possible Cognitive Mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(4), 621-642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.4.621

Hossain, T. y List, J. (2012). The behavioralist visits the factory: increasing productivity using simple framing manipulations. Management Science, 58(12), 2.151-2.167. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1544

James, M. (2017). Handbook of behavioral economics and smart decision-making: rational decision-making within the bounds of reason. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Johnson, E. y Golstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives? Science, 302(5.649), 1.338-1.339. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091721

Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. y Thaler, R. (1991). Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.193

Kahneman, D. (2012). Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Debate.

Kelling, C. y Coles, G. (1998). Fixing broken windows: restoring order and reducing crime in our communities. Simon & Schuster.

Knight, F. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Kucharski, A. (2020). Las reglas del contagio. Capitán Swing.

Laibson, D. (1997). Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 443-477. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355397555253

Miller, L. (2007). Coordinación y acción colectiva. Revista Internacional de Sociología, 65(46), 161-183. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2007.i46.8

O’Donoghue, T. y Rabin, M. (2015). Present bias: lessons learned and to be learned. American Economic Review, 105(5), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151085

Schelling, T. (1960). The strategy of conflict. Harvard University Press.

Simon, H. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852

Stigler, G. y Becker, G. (1977). De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum. The American Economic Review, 67(2), 76-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1807222

Thaler, R. y Sustein, C. (2008). Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press.

Tversky, A. y Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4.481), 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7455683

Tversky, A. y Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4.157), 1.124-1.131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124

Published

11-03-2021

How to Cite

Miller, L. (2021). Behavioral economics, behavioral policies and nudges. Gestión Y Análisis De Políticas Públicas, (25), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.i25.10866