Research policies for universities: The funding of research centers in Galicia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.i28.10955Keywords:
Research funding, universities, regional R&D policies, instruments for the promotion of scienceAbstract
Research funding is a tool for governments to promote change in universities. Governments have tried to steer universities «from a distance» by changing the ways in which they are funded and enhancing evaluation. The article analyses a funding instrument for university R&D centres of the Xunta de Galicia, its rationale and the mechanisms through which change is promoted. It also analyses how the outcomes pursued are conditioned by the existing instruments and by institutional constraints. The study confirms that progress in the objectives pursued by one instrument may be limited by others instruments, in the absence of coherence in the instrument-mix; also that institutional constraints, derived from the university governance model, may hinder the transformation of university research structures. It is concluded that competitive funding schemes for R&D centres can have a transformative capacity, sometimes through changes not intended by public decision-makers; but the influence of the governance model, other instruments and actors are decisive in the intensity and direction of the changes.
Downloads
References
Aagaard, K., Hansen, H. F. y Rasmussen, J. G. (2016). Mergers between governmental research institutes and Universities in the Danish HE sector. European Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2015.1099459
Arenilla Sáez, M. (coord.) (2012). La reforma de la universidad española: Un análisis desde su gobernanza. Netbiblo.
Balderston, F. E. (1995). Managing Today’s University: Strategies for Viability, Change, and Excellence. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. ERIC.
Baldridge, J. V. (ed.). (1971). Academic Governance – Research on Institutional Politics and Decision Making. McCutchan Pub. Corp.
Benitez-Amado, A. (2019). El gobierno de las Universidades en España. Análisis comparativo, transformaciones recientes y adaptación al entorno [tesis doctoral]. UAM. Departamento de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; CSIC. Instituto de Políticas y Bienes Públicos (IPP). https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/689278
Bennett, C. J. y Howlett, M. (1992). The lessons of learning: Reconciling theories of policy learning and policy change. Policy Sciences, 25(3), 275-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138786
Bleiklie, I., Enders, J., Lepori, B. y Musselin, C. (2011). New Public Management, network Governance and the University as a Changing Professional Organization. En T. Christensen y P. Laegreid (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management (1.ª ed., pp. 161-176). Routledge. https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00972968
Borrás, S. (2012). Three tensions in the governance of science and technology. En D. Levi-Faur (ed.), The Oxford handbook of governance (1.ª ed., pp. 429-440). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560530.013.0030
Bozeman, B. y Boardman, P. C. (2003). Managing the New Multipurpose, Multidiscipline University Research Center: Institutional Innovation in the Academic Community. IBM Center for The Business of Government. https://www.businessofgovernment.org/report/managing-new-multipurpose-multidiscipline-university-research-center-institutional-innovation
Braun, D. (1993). Who Governs Intermediary Agencies? Principal-Agent Relations in Research Policy-Making. Journal of Public Policy, 13(2), 135-162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X00000994
Capano, G. (2018). Policy design spaces in reforming governance in higher education: The dynamics in Italy and the Netherlands. Higher Education, 75(4), 675-694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0158-5
Capano, G., Pritoni, A. y Vicentini, G. (2020). Do policy instruments matter? Governments’ choice of policy mix and higher education performance in Western Europe. Journal of Public Policy, 40(3), 375-401. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X19000047
Cocos, M. y Lepori, B. (2020). What we know about research policy mix. Science and Public Policy, 47(2), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz061
Cohen, M. D., March, J. G. y Olsen, J. P. (1972). A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392088
Cremonini, L., Horlings, E. y Hessels, L. K. (2018). Different recipes for the same dish: Comparing policies for scientific excellence across different countries. Science and Public Policy, 45(2), 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scx062
Cruz-Castro, L. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2005). Bringing science and technology human resources back in: The Spanish Ramón y Cajal programme. Science and Public Policy, 32(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154305781779687
Cruz-Castro, L. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2007). Research evaluation in transition. Individual versus organisational assessment in Spain. En R. Whitley y J. Gläser (eds.), The Changing Governance of the Sciences: The Advent of Research Evaluation Systems (pp. 205-223). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6746-4_10
Cruz-Castro, L. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2015). Policy change and differentiated integration: Implementing Spanish higher education reforms. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 11(1), 103-123. https://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/628
Cruz-Castro, L. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2018). Autonomy and Authority in Public Research Organisations: Structure and Funding Factors. Minerva, 56(2), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-018-9349-1.
Cruz-Castro, L. y Sanz Menéndez, L. (2021). La innovación en la política española. Papeles de Economía Española, 169, 16-35. https://www.funcas.es/articulos/la-innovacion-en-la-politica-espanola/
Cruz-Castro, L., Martínez, C., Peñasco, C. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2020). The classification of public research organizations: Taxonomical explorations. Research Evaluation, 29(4), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvaa013
Cruz-Castro, L., Sanz Menéndez, L. y Romero, M. (2004). Convergencia y divergencia en las políticas de ciencia y tecnología de los gobiernos regionales. Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 11, 33-72. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/recp/article/view/37356
De Boer, H. F., Enders, J. y Leisyte, L. (2007). Public Sector Reform in Dutch Higher Education: The Organizational Transformation of the University. Public Administration, 85(1), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00632.x
Deem, R., Mok, K. H. y Lucas, L. (2008). Transforming higher education in whose image? Exploring the concept of the “world-class” university in Europe and Asia. Higher Education Policy, 21(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300179
Fernández López, S. y Vaquero García, A. (2013). The Model Galician University Funding 2011-2015: Provident Fund And Balance. Revista Galega de Economía, 22(1), 73-96. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.22.1.1270
Fernández López, S. y Vaquero García, A. (2017). Luces y sombras del nuevo plan autonómico de financiación de las universidades gallegas (2016-2020). Revista Galega de Economía, 26(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.26.1.4323
Fernández Mellizo-Soto, M., Sanz Menéndez, L. y Cruz Castro, L. (2003). Diseño institucional y preferencias políticas: O cómo equilibrar los intereses académicos en la política deficiencia, tecnología e innovación gallega. Inguruak. Revista Vasca de Sociologia y Ciencia Política, 35, 33-68.
García-Aracil, A. (2013). Planificación estratégica en la universidad española: Discursos y efectos. Presupuesto y Gasto Público, 72, 67-85. https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/pgp/72_04.pdf
González Hermoso, A. (2021). Los nuevos centros públicos no universitarios de investigación: El Programa IMDEA. Papeles de Economía Española, 169. https://www.funcas.es/articulos/los-nuevos-centros-publicos-no-universitarios-de-investigacion-el-programa-imdea/
González-López, M. y Guntín-Araújo, X. (2019). Evolución da política galega de innovación: De cero á especialización intelixente. Revista Galega de Economía, 28(2), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.28.2.6154
Hedström, P. (1998). Rational imitation. En P. Hedström y R. Swedberg (eds.), Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory (pp. 306-328). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511663901.012
Hellström, T. (2011). Homing in on excellence: Dimensions of appraisal in Center of Excellence program evaluations. Evaluation, 17(2), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389011400891
Hellström, T. (2018). Centres of excellence and capacity building: From strategy to impact. Science and Public Policy, 45(4), 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scx082
Hellström, T., Brattström, E. y Jabrane, L. (2018). Governing interdisciplinary cooperation in Centers of Excellence. Studies in Higher Education, 43(10), 1763-1777. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1520476
Hernández Armenteros, J. y García, J. A. P. (2015). La financiación universitaria como instrumento dinamizador de cambio en la universidad pública española. CIAN-Revista de Historia de Las Universidades, 18(1), 79-96. https://e-revistas.uc3m.es/index.php/CIAN/article/view/2670
Hicks, D. (2012). Performance-based university research funding systems. Research Policy, 41(2), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.09.007
Hood, C. (1983). The Tools of Government. MacMillan Press.
Howlett, M. (2009). Governance modes, policy regimes and operational plans: A multi-level nested model of policy instrument choice and policy design. Policy Sciences, 42(1), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9079-1
Jackson, D. N. y Rushton, J. (1987). Scientific excellence: Origins and assessment. Sage Publications, Inc.
Jonkers, K. y Zacharewicz, T. (2016). Research performance based funding systems: A comparative assessment. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/70120
Kickert, W. (1995). Steering at a Distance: A New Paradigm of Public Governance in Dutch Higher Education. Governance, 8(1), 135-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00202.x
Kingdon, J. W. (1996). Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (2.ª ed.). Pearson.
Langfeldt, L., Nedeva, M., Sörlin, S. y Thomas, D. A. (2020). Co-existing notions of research quality: A framework to study context-specific understandings of good research. Minerva, 58(1), 115-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-019-09385-2
Larrán-Jorge, M. y García-Correas, Á. (2015). ¿Influyen los modelos de financiación autonómicos en la eficiencia de las universidades públicas españolas? Revista de Contabilidad, 18(2), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.001
Lepori, B. (2011). Coordination modes in public funding systems. Research Policy, 40(3), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.10.016
Lindblom, C. E. (1959). The Science of “Muddling Through”. Public Administration Review, 19(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/973677
Marginson, S. (1997). Steering from a distance: Power relations in Australian higher education. Higher Education, 34(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003082922199
Martínez Martínez, R. (2012). Reflexions a l’entorn del sistema de govern de les universitats davant del repte de modernització de la governança universitària. Revista Catalana de Dret Públic, 44. http://revistes.eapc.gencat.cat/index.php/rcdp/article/view/2240
May, P. J., Jones, B. D., Beem, B. E., Neff-Sharum, E. A. y Poague, M. K. (2005). Policy Coherence and Component-Driven Policymaking: Arctic Policy in Canada and the United States. Policy Studies Journal, 33(1), 37-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00091.x
May, P. J., Sapotichne, J. y Workman, S. (2006). Policy Coherence and Policy Domains. Policy Studies Journal, 34(3), 381-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2006.00178.x
OECD (2008). OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/19978936
OECD (2014). Promoting Research Excellence: New Approaches to Funding. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264207462-en
Olsen, J. P. (2007). The Institutional Dynamics of the European University. En P. Maassen y J. P. Olsen (eds.), University Dynamics and European Integration (pp. 25-54). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5971-1_2
Pereira-Puga, M. y Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2020). Cambio y continuidad en las políticas de ciencia: Diseño de los instrumentos de financiación de la investigación universitaria en Galicia (2005-2018). Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 54, 151-171. https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.54.06
Pérez-Esparrells, C., De la Torre, E. M. y Gómez-Sancho, J. M. (2018). La relevancia de la financiación pública en las universidades españolas. Presupuesto y Gasto Público, 90, 169-190. https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/revistas/pgp/90_10.pdf
Peters, B. G. (2011). Steering, rowing, drifting, or sinking? Changing patterns of governance. Urban Research & Practice, 4(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2011.550493
Rayner, J. y Howlett, M. (2009). Introduction: Understanding integrated policy strategies and their evolution. Policy and Society, 28(2), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2009.05.001
Rip, A. (1994). The republic of science in the 1990s. Higher Education, 28(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01383569
Rose, R. (2005). Learning From Comparative Public Policy. A Practical Guide. Routledge.
Sahlin, K. y Eriksson-Zetterquist, U. (2016). Collegiality in modern universities – the composition of governance ideals and practices. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 2016(2-3), artículo 33640. https://doi.org/10.3402/nstep.v2.33640
Sande Veiga, D. y Vence, X. (2019). Impact Evaluation of the Technology Fund Programme 2007-2013 in Galicia: Results, aid concentration and leakage of resources. Revista Galega de Economía, 28(3), 92-114. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.28.3.5926
Sanz-Menéndez, L. (1997). Estado, ciencia y tecnología en España (1939-1997). Alianza editorial.
Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2020a). La atracción del talento y la política de recursos humanos de las universidades. En E. Alcón Soler, F. Michavila Pitarch y M. Ripollés (eds.), Más talento para la universidad española: Retenerlo, atraerlo, recuperarlo (pp. 159-184). Tecnos.
Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2020b). La financiación de la investigación universitaria y sus resultados desde una perspectiva comparada. Anuario de La Facultad de Derecho de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 24, 109-135. http://afduam.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/luis-sanz-menendez.pdf
Sanz-Menéndez, L. y Cruz-Castro, L. (2005). Explaining the science and technology policies of regional governments. Regional Studies, 39(7), 939-954. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400500289945
Sanz-Menéndez, L. y Cruz-Castro, L. (eds.) (2010). La investigación y sus actores. Institutos, Centros de I+D y sus desafios (vol. 12/2010). Fundacion CYD. http://2017.fundacioncyd.org/images/documentosCyd/CYD12.pdf
Seawright, J., Gerring, J., Seawright, J. y Gerring, J. (2014). Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options. En M. Tight (ed.), Case Studies (pp. II213-II213). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473915480.n31
Simon, H. A. (1979). Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations. The American Economic Review, 69(4), 493-513. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1808698
Strehl, F., Reisinger, S. y Kalatschan, M. (2007). Funding Systems and their Effects on Higher Education Systems (OECD Education Working Paper, 6). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/220244801417
Thelen, K. (2003). How institutions evolve. Insights for comparative historical analysis. En J. Mahoney y D. Rueschemeyer (eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (pp. 208-240). Cambridge University Press; Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803963
Thomas, D. A., Nedeva, M., Tirado, M. M. y Jacob, M. (2020). Changing research on research evaluation: A critical literature review to revisit the agenda. Research Evaluation, 29(3), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvaa008
Tijssen, R. J. W. (2003). Scoreboards of research excellence. Research Evaluation, 12(2), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154403781776690
Van Steen, J. (2012). Modes of Public Funding of Research and Development: Towards Internationally Comparable Indicators (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper, 2012/04). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5k98ssns1gzs-en
Varela-Vázquez, P., Carmona-Badía, X., González-López, M. y Guntín-Araújo, X. (2021). Aprendizaje institucional y formación de políticas científico-tecnológicas y de innovación en Galicia: Un enfoque histórico, 1981-2020. Investigaciones de Historia Económica. https://doi.org/10.33231/j.ihe.2021.02.001
Whitley, R. (2007). Changing governance of the public sciences. En The changing governance of the sciences (pp. 3-27). Springer.
Whitley, R. (2011). Changing Governance and Authority Relations in the Public Sciences. Minerva, 49(4), 359-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-011-9182-2
Whitley, R. (2014). How do Institutional Changes Affect Scientific Innovations? The Effects of Shifts in Authority Relationships, Protected Space, and Flexibility. En Organizational Transformation and Scientific Change: The Impact of Institutional Restructuring on Universities and Intellectual Innovation (vol. 42, pp. 367-406). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/S0733-558X20140000042012
Xunta de Galicia (2015). Plan Galego de Financiamento Universitario (2016-2020). http://www.edu.xunta.gal/portal/es/node/17660
Zacharewicz, T., Lepori, B., Reale, E. y Jonkers, K. (2019). Performance-based research funding in EU Member States – A comparative assessment. Science and Public Policy, 46(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scy041
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.