Revisiting Public Administration education in Central and Eastern Europe: From stablishing the discipline to facing marginalization

Katarina Staronová; György Gajduschek

doi:10.24965/gapp.11634

Autores/as

Katarina Staronová Comenius University Bratislava (Eslovaquia – Slovakia) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-4791
György Gajduschek Institute of Social and Political Sciences. Corvinus University of Budapest (Hungría – Hungary)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11634

Palabras clave:

Europa Central y Oriental, formación en Administración pública, países postcomunistas, educación, Administración pública, comparativa

Resumen

Objetivos: este artículo revisa el desarrollo de la educación en administración pública (AP) en los países poscomunistas de Europa Central y Oriental (ECO), trazando su evolución desde el establecimiento disciplinario después de 1989 hasta sus retos actuales de marginación y pérdida de atractivo. Metodología: partiendo de una perspectiva institucionalista histórica, el estudio examina cómo las tradiciones administrativas precomunistas, el legado comunista y las reformas postcomunistas han configurado conjuntamente el contenido, el posicionamiento institucional y la identidad de la educación en AP. El análisis abarca los programas de licenciatura y maestría en once países poscomunistas de Europa Central que se convirtieron en miembros de la Unión Europea (UE) en tres oleadas, en particular la histórica ampliación de 2004, cuando se incorporaron ocho países de la ECE (Chequia, Estonia, Hungría, Letonia, Lituania, Polonia, Eslovaquia y Eslovenia), seguidos de Bulgaria y Rumanía en 2007, y Croacia en 2013. El artículo combina la investigación documental, los análisis curriculares de los conjuntos de datos comparativos existentes y una visión general original de los programas acreditados por la Asociación Europea para la Acreditación de la Administración Pública (EAPAA). Resultados: las conclusiones demuestran la persistente diversidad y fragmentación de la educación en administración pública, con una fuerte orientación legalista que sigue predominando a pesar de los graduales avances hacia enfoques basados en la gestión y la gobernanza. El artículo destaca además las crecientes tensiones entre la internacionalización y la relevancia local, así como entre los incentivos académicos y las necesidades administrativas prácticas. Conclusiones: el artículo concluye que no ha surgido una identidad unificada de la administración pública en la región; en cambio, la educación en administración pública en Europa Central y Oriental refleja trayectorias múltiples y dependientes del camino recorrido, moldeadas por el legado histórico, las presiones externas y los acontecimientos políticos contemporáneos. Además, en los últimos años, el declive demográfico, la pérdida de prestigio de la función pública y el retroceso democrático han agravado la disminución de la demanda de estudiantes, lo que en conjunto amenaza la sostenibilidad de los programas de administración pública.

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Biografía del autor/a

Katarina Staronová, Comenius University Bratislava (Eslovaquia – Slovakia)

Katarina Staronová is an associate professor at the Institute of Public Policy, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia. Her research focuses on executive relations, politicization and patronage of civil service and looks into both formal and informal ways of doing so.

György Gajduschek, Institute of Social and Political Sciences. Corvinus University of Budapest (Hungría – Hungary)

György Gajduschek is a professor in public law and public policy at the Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest. His main research interest is civil service and politicization of the civil service system, as well as formal (i.e., legal) and informal methods to mitigate political pressure on civil service.

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