Detecting corruption risk patterns: Analyzing state and municipal contracts in Mexico using hierarchical clustering

Authors

  • Diana Emilce Álvarez Suárez El Colegio de México (México – México)
  • Fernando Nieto Morales El Colegio de México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-2745

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11518

Keywords:

corruption, public procurement, subnational governments, machine learning, hierarchical clustering

Abstract

Objectives: Corruption in public procurement is a global concern, particularly relevant in contexts such as Mexico. While several studies have examined risk indicators at the national level, applying these models at the subnational level presents significant challenges. This study analyzes more than 150,000 state and municipal contracts financed wholly or partially with resources from Mexico’s national budget line 28 in 2021, based on seven corruption risk indicators. Methodology: The hierarchical clustering technique was used, especially promising for governments with limited institutional capacities, as it does not require extensively labeled data, allows the detection of hidden patterns, and offers accessible interpretations. Results: Through hierarchical clustering, groups of contracts with similar risk profiles were identified. Conclusions: The analysis helps identify dynamics associated with corruption risks in subnational public procurement and opens new possibilities for preventive monitoring in Mexico and comparable contexts.

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Author Biographies

Diana Emilce Álvarez Suárez, El Colegio de México (México – México)

Investigadora posdoctoral del Programa Interdisciplinario de Ciencia de Datos de El Colegio de México, especializada en proyectos que integran ciencia de datos y ciencias sociales. Docente y autora de publicaciones académicas de alto impacto.

Fernando Nieto Morales , El Colegio de México

Profesor de administración pública en el Centro de Estudios Internacionales de El Colegio de México. Especialista en reforma del sector público, corrupción, profesionalización y transparencia, con una amplia trayectoria en investigación y colaboración con organismos nacionales e internacionales. Es autor y editor de diversas publicaciones académicas y ha sido reconocido con distintos premios en ciencias sociales y políticas públicas.

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Published

27-11-2025

How to Cite

Álvarez Suárez, D. E., & Nieto Morales , F. (2025). Detecting corruption risk patterns: Analyzing state and municipal contracts in Mexico using hierarchical clustering. Gestión Y Análisis De Políticas Públicas, (39), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11518